What Is a Gum Graft?
A gum graft, also known as a gingival graft, is a surgical procedure that involves transplanting tissue to the affected area to cover exposed tooth roots. There are three types of gum grafts, and your periodontist will discuss the most appropriate option for your specific needs:
Connective Tissue Graft
The most common type of gum graft used to treat exposed tooth roots. A flap of skin is cut at the roof of your mouth (palate), and tissue from underneath the flap (the connective tissue) is removed and stitched to the gum tissue surrounding the exposed roots. The palatal flap is then stitched back into place and it regenerates by itself.
Free Gingival Graft
This method also uses tissue from the palate but involves removing a small piece of tissue directly from the roof of the mouth rather than from under a flap. This graft is typically used for patients with thin gums without enough keratinised tissue, to turn mucosa into a thick band of keratinised tissue to prevent further recession.
Pedicle Graft
In this procedure, a flap of tissue is partially cut from the gum near the tooth needing repair. The gum tissue is then pulled over or down to cover the exposed root and sutured into place. This technique is only suitable for patients with plenty of gum tissue near the affected area.
Benefits of a Gum Graft Procedure
Gum grafts are an effective way to stop the progression of gum recession and bone loss. They also help reduce tooth sensitivity and protect the roots of your teeth from decay. Additionally, gum grafts can improve the aesthetics of your smile by creating a more even gumline, enhancing the appearance of your teeth and gums when you smile or laugh.
While gum tissue grafts are successful in repairing gum recession and preventing further damage, maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial to prevent future gum issues. We recommend scheduling regular hygiene maintenance appointments to keep your gums healthy all year round.
What Is Gum Recession and Why Does It Happen?
Gum recession occurs when the tissue surrounding your teeth pulls away, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This process is often gradual, so many people may not notice it until the condition becomes more pronounced. Over time, exposed tooth roots can lead to increased sensitivity, especially when eating hot or cold foods, and can also affect the appearance of your smile. If left untreated, gum recession can damage the surrounding bone structure, potentially leading to more serious dental issues. To repair the damage and prevent further complications, a gum tissue graft is often recommended.
Common Causes of Gum Recession
Several factors can contribute to gum recession, including:
- Periodontal (Gum) Disease: Infections and inflammation of the gums can lead to tissue loss.
- Inadequate Oral Hygiene: Poor dental care can increase the risk of gum disease and recession.
- Diabetes and Other Illnesses: Certain medical conditions can make you more susceptible to infections, including those that affect the gums.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, can impact gum health.
- Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to gum recession.
- Smoking: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for gum disease and recession.
- Aggressive or Improper Brushing Technique: Brushing too hard or using incorrect techniques can wear down gum tissue, leading to recession.
Do I Need a Gum Graft?
If you are experiencing gum recession, you may notice that your tooth roots are becoming more sensitive, you show a longer tooth when you smile and the exposed root surface can also be more prone to decay. In such cases, your might choose to consult with a periodontal specialist for a gum graft procedure. A gum graft is designed to cover the exposed roots improving the looks of your teeth when you smile, reduce sensitivity, and protect against further recession and decay.
Recovery from a Gum Graft Procedure
The recovery period for a gum graft is relatively short, typically lasting 1 to 2 weeks. Most patients can return to their usual activities just one day after surgery. Some soreness in the treatment area is common for a day or two after the procedure, and chewing may be difficult for about a week. During the healing phase, your periodontist will provide specific instructions on what to eat and how to care for your teeth and gums. You may be advised to avoid brushing the surgical site to prevent irritation and instead use a prescribed mouth rinse.