Gum Disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is caused by bacteria that accumulate at the gum line, forming dental plaque.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is caused by bacteria that accumulate at the gum line, forming dental plaque. If not properly cleaned, the gums begin to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets where plaque can grow below the gum line. This can lead to red, swollen gums that bleed easily. Over time, untreated gum disease can destroy the bone that supports the teeth, causing bone loss and the gums to recede, and eventually leading to loose teeth and tooth loss if left untreated.
Who Can Get Gum Disease?
Gum disease can affect anyone, particularly if oral health is not regularly maintained. While most people can develop gingivitis, some individuals are more susceptible to more severe forms. Severe gum disease, especially when it occurs at a young age, can be influenced by genetics. Factors that increase the risk of developing severe gum disease apart from genetics include poorly controlled diabetes and other inflammatory conditions, smoking (including e-cigarettes), stress, a poor diet lacking in essential vitamins and minerals, obesity, and certain medications.
How Do I Know if I Have Gum Disease?
Periodontal disease can sometimes be pain-free, so you might not be aware of it until your dentist or hygienist checks for it, making regular dental appointments essential. Symptoms to watch for include:
- Bleeding gums when brushing or eating
- Red, swollen gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Spaces appearing between teeth
- Loose teeth or teeth shifting position
- Receding gums
- Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks
- Discomfort in your gums
How is Gum Disease Treated?
Periodontal treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and infection below the gum line to control the disease from progressing and preventing further bone loss. The type of treatment recommended depends on the severity of the gum disease. The most common treatment is root surface debridement, which uses specialised instruments to remove bacteria from the root surface beneath the gums.
Initially, your periodontal team will remove plaque and calculus (tartar) both above and below the gum line. This reduces inflammation due to plaque and bacteria accumulation. A clean, smooth root surface provides a healthy environment that allows the gums to heal naturally and reattach to the tooth. This process reduces the pocket around the tooth, eliminating areas where bacteria can cause further disease.
What Happens if Gum Disease is Left Untreated?
If left untreated, gum disease can worsen and lead to serious complications:
- Progressive gum recession and bone loss, eventually leading to tooth loss
- Increased tooth sensitivity and risk of decay due to exposed roots
- Difficulty placing dental implants in the future due to significant bone loss
- Persistent bad breath
- Potential links to systemic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections
- Infections and abscesses in the gums
- Aesthetic concerns that can impact self-confidence and quality of life
What Aftercare is Required?
Gum disease is a chronic condition, similar to diabetes, and must be managed with regular periodontal maintenance and hygiene sessions. The frequency of these appointments will vary depending on your specific case. Research shows that bacteria can repopulate gum pockets within three months, which is why visiting our hygienist every three months is a key part of prevention. You will visit the periodontist two months after your initial periodontal treatment to assess improvements, determine if further treatment is necessary, and receive advice on the frequency of future check-up appointments.
Other Periodontal Treatments
While root surface debridement is effective for early-stage gum disease, surgery may be required for advanced cases. Advanced treatments include:
Pocket Reduction Surgery
When pockets become too deep for root surface debridement, a Pocket Depth Reduction procedure may be recommended. This involves making an incision in the gum to lift it back, remove tartar and bacteria from the root, and possibly reshaping the gum and bone to ensure healthy gum reattachment.
Bone and Tissue Regeneration
Gum Graft
A gum graft is used to reinforce gums in areas of weakness or recession. The procedure involves grafting tissue, which can be taken from the roof of your mouth or from a synthetic source. The graft is placed over the receding gums to create fuller, stronger gums and protect exposed tooth roots.
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If you’re concerned about gum disease or interested in learning more about these treatments, please contact us to schedule a consultation. Our team is here to help you achieve and maintain optimal periodontal health.